At the Moon’s farthest orbit, you could fit all the other planets between Earth and the Moon.
Moon’s farthest distance from Earth: about 405,500 km
Combined diameters of the other 7 planets:
Mercury + Venus + Mars + Jupiter + Saturn + Uranus + Neptune ≈ 379,900 km
So there would still be roughly:
25,000 km of extra space
But at the Moon’s average distance of about 384,400 km, it would be a very tight fit, with only about 4,500 km left.